PAPER MILL PROJECTS-2010 AND OVERVIEW OF INVESTMENT

   

OVERVIEW-HISTORY OF INVESTMENT

VIDEO-WIPRO CEO AZIM PRAMJI

Wipro sets-up first Bluetooth testing facility 

BUSINESS STANDARED-Reporter / Mumbai August 10, 2010, 13:41 IST
India’s third largest IT services provider Wipro Technologies, has set up Bluetooth testing facility in India.

The company becomes the first that's headquartered in India to be recognised as a Bluetooth Qualification Test Facility (BQTF) by the Bluetooth Special Interest Group (SIG), the trade association responsible for publishing the Bluetooth specifications.

To conduct the Bluetooth Protocol Conformance Testing, Wipro has launched a test lab on the premises of its testing facilities at the Wipro Campus in Electronic City Bangalore, where it will independently test submitted products from Bluetooth SIG members around the world.
The testing lab was inaugurated by Andy Glass, Chief Technology Officer of the Bluetooth SIG and Gangadharaiah CP, Senior Vice President & Worldwide Head of Testing Services, Wipro Technologies.

Trained engineers from Wipro will test submitted products for conformance to Bluetooth Qualification tests’, using the well-defined and focused testing procedures created by the SIG.
“India is known for its strong software expert pool. Many profiles and the protocol stacks of Bluetooth- enabled products were developed in India. This market is influential in the Bluetooth Original Equipment Manufacturer automotive market and also in the Bluetooth mobile advertising,” said Andy Glass, Chief Technology Officer of the Bluetooth SIG.

Market segments for Bluetooth technology have expanded significantly and use of the technology has expanded beyond headset and mobile phone applications to high-growth market segments including health and fitness and gaming.

Gaming is now the second largest application in terms of Bluetooth shipments. In 2009 alone, more than 1000 new Bluetooth enabled product designs were evolved and over 3000 Bluetooth enabled products were tested and qualified.

Given such burgeoning market opportunities, the new facility promises to bring great opportunities for Wipro, especially as it is the only accredited testing facility in India at present, said the company in its press release.

+++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++

If bought 100 Shares @ 100/Share in 1980

1981 - 1:1 Bonus =       200 Shares

1985 - 1:1 Bonus =       400 Shares

1986 - Stock Split=       4,000 Shares [Face Value From Rs.100 to Rs.10]
1987 - 1:1 Bonus =       8,000 Shares

1989 - 1:1 Bonus =     16,000 Shares

1992 - 1:1 Bonus =     32,000 Shares

1995 - 1:1 Bonus =     64,000 Shares

1997 - 1:2 Bonus =  1,92,000 Shares

1999 - Stock Split=  9,60,000 Shares [Face Value From Rs.10 to Rs.2]

2004 - 1:2 Bonus =28,80,000 Shares

2005 - 1:1 Bonus =57,60,000 Shares

2010 - 2:3 Bonus =86,40,000 Shares

Total Shares    = 86,40,000/- X Rs.462.50/Share on 8/10/2010
Total Value      = Rs.399,60,00,000/- ie

Current Value  = Rs.399.60 Crores 
       
Wipro Uptodate Rate-[Click Here]

-Thanks-Nanaya Vikatan-Tamil Invesment Magzine-

CLICK BELOW = FOR YOUR INVESTMENT VISIT REGULARLY-

[Mokansnifty50.blogspot.com] -

  

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$

VIDEO-Kraft Paper Making Machine

  

2010 COMING UP NEW PAPER MILL PROJECT
  
RAINBOW PAPERS

Contact :
Rainbow Papers Ltd, RO: 801, Avdhesh House, Opp. Shri Govind Gurudwara, S.G. Highway, Ahmedabad-380054. Tel: 079-26855714/16/32/952073/9879695438/39 Fax: 079-6855712/26855744 Email:info@rainbowpapers.com

Rainbow Papers reports progress on expansion programme.
Company Name : Rainbow Papers
Project Status : Planning
Project Location : Kadi, GJ
Completion Schedule : March 2011

• Rainbow Papers has reported progress on its paper plant expansion programme in Gujarat.
• The project involves expanding the paper unit at Kadi in Gujarat from 1.83 lakh tonnes a year capacity to 3.03 lakh tones per annum.
• The company has acquired paper machines from Germany with a production capacity of 600 tonnes/day.
• As of October 2010, the project is under implementation.
• The project is expected to be completed by March 2011.

OTHERS
1. Bardhaman Dharmaraj Paper Mill Pvt Ltd, Bhanderdihi, Burdwan, West Bengal–713426, Project Location : Burdwan,State : West Bengal,Project:Manufacturing Of Kraft Paper

2. Nui Pulp And Paper Industries Pvt Ltd, Suroor, Chenakkal, Calicut, Univercity, Thenipalam, Malappuram, Kerala – 673635, Project Location : Chittoor, State : Andhra Pradesh,Project:Manufacturing Of Pe Laminated Cut Stock

3. Eco Tech Papers, Col.J.Ali.Road, Lakhtokia Guwahati, Kamrup Metro, Assam – 781001, Project Location : Kamrup, State : Assam, Project:Manufacturing Of Kraft Paper

4. Jagdale Industries Ltd, 782, 15th Cross, J.P.Nagar, Ist Phase, Bangalore, Karnataka – 560078, Project Location : Bangalore (Urban), State : Karnataka, Project:Manufacturing Of Corrugated Paper And Boards

5. Janki Newsprint Ltd, Vill: Panchli, Meerut, Uttar Pradesh – 250002, Project Location : Meerut, State : Uttar Pradesh, Project:Manufacturing Of Newsprint

6. Indian Pulp and Paper Pvt Ltd, Hazingar, Naihati, 24, Parganas (N), West Bengal – 743135, Project Location : North 24-Paragans, State : West Bengal , Project:Manufacturing Of Kraft & Packaging Paper

7. Jai Durga Paper Mills Ltd, G.T.Road, Jugiana, Ludhiana, Punjab – 141020 Project Location : Solan, State : Himachal Pradesh, Project:Manufacturing Of Packaging Paper

8. Shree Sidhbali Paper Mills Ltd, 9th Km Bhopa Road, Muzaffarnagar, Uttar Pradesh – 251001, Project Location : Muzaffar Nagar, State : Uttar Pradesh, Project:Manufacturing Of Paper And Paper Board

9. Madhubati Papers Pvt Ltd, 4, Fairlie Place, Kolkata, West Bengal – 700001, Project Location : Howrah, State : West Bengal, Project:Manufacturing Of Craft Paper

10. Siddheshwari Paper Udyog Ltd, 7th Km Moradabad Road, Kashipur, Udhamsingh Nagar, Uttrakhand – 244713, Project Location : Udhamsingh Nagar, State : Uttaranchal, Project:Manufacturing Of Paper And Paper Board

11. Sidharth Paper Ltd, 7th Km Moradabad Road, Kashipur, Udhamsingh Nagar, Uttrakhand – 244713, Project Location : Udhamsingh Nagar, State : Uttaranchal, Project:Manufacturing Of Paper And Paper Board

12. Shree Vishnu Vishal Paper Mills Pvt Ltd, Flat No.502, Shanti Vihar Apartment, Fraser Road, Patna, Bihar – 800001, Project Location : Bhojpur, State : Bihar, Project:Manufacturing Of Paper (Machine Made)

13. Prolific Papers Pvt Ltd, 5/2389, Chatta Shahji, Chawri Bazar, Delhi – 110006, Project Location : Udhamsingh Nagar, State : Uttaranchal , Project:Manufacturing Of Writing Printing Paper

14. Tulsi Paper Mills Pvt Ltd, 70, Cotton Street, 2nd Floor, Kolkata, West Bengal – 700007, Project Location : Surat, State : Gujarat, Project:Manufacturing Of Paper

15. Sun Paper Mill Ltd, 86, E.V.K Sampath Road, Vepery, Chennai, Tamil Nadu – 600007, Project Location : Tirunelveli Kattabomman, State : Tamil Nadu, Project:Manufacturing Of Paper ( Newsprint, Printing And Writing And Other Uncoated Papers)

16. N.R.Agarwal Industries Ltd, (Unit-V), Vill:Sarigam & Angam, Tal: Umbergaon, Dist. Valsad, Gujarat – 396155, Project Location : Valsad, State : Gujarat, Project:Manufacturing Of Writing Printing Paper

17. Genus Paper Products Ltd, Aghwanpur Kanth Road, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh – 244001, Project Location : Muradabad, State : Uttar Pradesh, Project:Manufacturing Of Kraft Paper Paper Machine Made

18. Sri Vishnu Annamalaiyar Paper Ltd, 9/4/52, Ramanujar Street, Sriram Nagar, Kottaiyur, Karaikudi, Sivagangai, Tamil Nadu – Project Location : Sivaganga, State : Tamil Nadu, Project:News Print

19. Kohinoor Pulp And Paper Pvt Ltd, 46c, J.L.Nehru Road, 16a, Everest House, 16th Floor, Kolkata, West Bengal – 700072, Project Location : Goalpara, State : Assam
Project:Manufacturing Of Natural Virgin Paper Pulp

20. Brahmaputra Paper Pvt Ltd, Dolabari No.2, Tinmile, Tezpur, Sonitpur, Assam – 784027, Project Location : Sonitpur, State : Assam,

                                                                                 

********

  

IPO REPORT-{CLICK HERE}

SERVALAKSHMI PAPER LTD-IPO AND LISTING

Mumbai, September 21, 2010: Servalakshmi Paper Ltd, engaged in the business of manufacturing printing and writing paper and newsprint, has filed Draft Red Herring Prospectus (DRHP) with market regulator Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) for an Initial Public Offer (IPO). The company is proposing to enter capital markets with a public issue of equity shares aggregating Rs 600 million through 100 per cent Book Building Process.

“Our company has embarked upon setting up an integrated paper mill with a capacity to produce 300 tonnes per day (TPD), along with a 15 MW multi – fuel captive power plant at a single location. The total investment is estimated to be Rs. 340 crores and the entire project is set to be completed in two phases. Our company has successfully completed the Phase one of the project in all respects and started the commercial production on April 1st, 2010. For phase 2 project we plan to raise the money through the proposed IPO,” said Mr. R. Ramswamy, Chairman and Managing Director of Servalakshmi Paper Ltd.

Issue proceeds are proposed to be utilised for purchase of equipments for producing value added products which would be around Rs. 25 crores, augmenting long term working capital requirement around Rs. 30 crores, preliminary & pre operative expenses around Rs. 5 crores, to meet the issue expenses and list the equity shares of the company on the stock exchanges.

The company is an ambitious project of leading Servall Group. The company manufactures wide range of products based on the customer specification. The company’s top clients are based on the sales value of the products supplied are Times of India, Kerala Kaumudi Private Ltd, Deccan Herald, Sakal Paper Ltd, Manipal Press Ltd, etc.

The company has appointed Keynote Corporate Service Ltd as a Book Running Lead Manager to the issue and Indian Overseas Bank as the Co – Book Running Lead Manager to the issue.

About Servalakshmi Paper Ltd

Servalakshmi Paper Limited was incorporated in the year 2005 by Servall Group. The company carries the production through the state of art production unit located at Kodaganallur Village, Tirunelveli district of Tamil Nadu. The plant is located in an area covering about 340 acres of land that has a total production capacity of 90,000 tonnes per annum. The plant is considered as one of the largest single location plants in India and ranks within fifteen major plants in India.

For consistent availability of power, the company has installed a co-generation power plant with a capacity of 15 MW to supply uninterrupted power and steam for their paper plant. The company says it has the latest technology. It has gradually developed a selling and distribution network over a period of time. The company is the first in India to go for POM Technology from Finland for stock preparation saving energy and reduces production cost. The company has introduced Motor Control Centres (MCC) in the complete plant which is maintenance free and the best communicating system for Distributor Control Systems (DCS) from YOKOGAWA and Quality Control Systems (QCS) from HONEYWELL for improving our productivity.

 

  



 
EXPECTING WORLD RICHEST



VIDEO-MUKESH AMBANI PROFILE

INDIA'S RICHEST MAN-MUKESH AMBANI

One of the world's fastest-growing economies continued its onward march, boosting the fortunes of its 100 richest. Amid further disenchantment with national infrastructure undertakings, such as the botched preparation for the Commonwealth Games, Indian tycoons continue to flourish, sometimes off those same public projects. India's rising stock market and a booming economy, expanding 8.5% this year, swelled the top 100's net worth, as evidenced by the fact that 69 of them are billionaires.

The four richest Indians are worth a combined $86 billion, well short of the $180 billion record they set three years ago. Mukesh Ambani retains his No. 1 rank for the third straight year, followed by steel magnate Lakshmi Mittal, though both are less well off than they were a year ago. Infotech tycoon Azim Premji moves up to third place, displacing younger Ambani sibling Anil Ambani,  who despite making peace with his brother, dropped to No. 6.


The biggest gainer in percentage terms was media baron Kalanithi Maran, who made a splash with his purchase of a big stake in low-cost airline SpiceJet. His net worth rose 74%.


This year's list signals a second wave of Indian capitalists accumulating fantastic fortunes, after an initial slew earlier in the decade. In between, Indian wealth suffered a huge correction in 2008, when only 27 were billionaires. If the first wave was typified by IT, steel and energy fortunes, this wave features more pharma and property titans. Vijay Mallya, who provides pharma of a different kind (booze), came in at No. 44, with a net worth of $1.45 billion. A revival in air travel perked up Naresh Goyal's fortune as he landed at No. 52 with a net worth of $1.2 billion.


Some fortunes took a hit. Property baron Kushal Pal Singh, owner of debt-laden DLF, lost nearly one-third of his wealth despite a real estate rebound. Also poorer is Brijmohan Lall Munjal, following a family split and reports that Honda ( HMC - news - people ) may end its 26-year joint venture with his Hero Honda. Wind energy entrepreneur Tulsi Tanti, whose Suzlon Energy got weighed down by debt, took a hit--dropping to No. 69 from No. 33 last year--with a net worth of $1 billion. Slum redeveloper Rakesh Wadhawan dropped to No. 77 because of a division of the family's assets with his nephews. Falling off the list was Pravin Kumar Tayal, who sold his Bank of Rajasthan to ICICI Bank ( IBN - news - people ) and was barred from the capital market by the Securities & Exchange Board of India.

There are five returnees to the top 40 from previous years, three of them pharma entrepreneurs: Ajay Piramal, who sold part of his domestic business to Abbott for an eye-popping $3.7 billion; Pankaj Patel, whose Cadila Healthcare launched India's first swine flu vaccine; and Desh Bandhu Gupta, whose Lupin has gained lately in the U.S. generics market. A prominent returnee is the reclusive Pallonji Mistry, the largest shareholder of Tata Sons, the holding outfit of the Tata conglomerate. He was excluded from the list after he became an Irish citizen but brought back due to his business ties to India.


A fortune of $500 million was needed to make the grade. The net worths are a snapshot of wealth, based on share prices and exchange rates on Sept. 9, 2010. Since then Mumbai's Sensex has gained 5%. Our slide show is of the top 40, but tear sheets of all 100 are included in our package.

100 INDIAN RICHEST MAN
Rank - Name - Net Worth ($mil) -Age-City

1 Mukesh Ambani-27,000 -53-Mumbai
2 Lakshmi Mittal-26,100-60-London
3 Azim Premji-17,600-65-Bangalore
4 Shashi and Ravi Ruia-15,000 -66- Mumbai/London
5 Savitri Jindal-14,400 -60 -Hisar/New Delhi
6 Anil Ambani-13,300- 51- Mumbai
7 Gautam Adani-10,700 -48 -Ahmedabad
8 Kushal Pal Singh-9,200 -79 -New Delhi
9 Sunil Mittal-8,600 -53 -New Delhi
10 Kumar Birla-8,500- -Mumbai

Photo-SHIV NADAR
  


                                                                                                                         Photo-UDYAN KOTAK

11 Adi Godrej-7,500- 68 -Mumbai
12 Pallonji Mistry-6,900- 81 -Mumbai
13 Anil Agarwal-5,500 -57-London
14 Dilip Shanghvi-5,200 -55-Mumbai                                                
15 Shiv Nadar-4,700 -65 -New Delhi
16 Malvinder and Shivinder Singh-4,200- 37 -New Delhi
17 Kalanithi Maran-4,000 -45 -Chennai
18 G.M. Rao-3,500 -60 -Bangalore
19 Uday Kotak-3,400- 51- Mumbai
20 Anand Burman-3,200 -58- New Delhi

  

Photo-KALANITH MARAN
21 Indu Jain-3,100 -74- New Delhi
22 Rahul Bajaj-3,000 -72- Pune
23 Subhash Chandra-2,900- 60- Mumbai
24 Micky Jagtiani-2,800 -59 -Dubai
25 Venugopal Dhoot-2,650 -59 -Mumbai
26 Rajan Raheja-2,600 -56- Mumbai
27 Sudhir & Samir Mehta-2,500 -56 Ahmedabad
28 Gautam Thapar-2,400 -49- New Delhi
29 Madhusudan Rao-2,300 -44 -New Delhi
30 Pankaj Patel-2,050 -57- Ahmedabad

Photo-NR NARAYANA MURTHY
31 Cyrus Poonawalla-2,000 -69 -Pune
32 Yusuf Hamied-1,950 -74 -Mumbai/London
33 N.R. Narayana Murthy-1,900- 64- Bangalore
34 Ramesh Chandra-1,860 -71- New Delhi
35 Desh Bandhu Gupta-1,850 -72 -Mumbai
36 Chandru Raheja-1,800 -70- Mumbai
37 Ajay Piramal-1,750 -55 -Mumbai
38 Baba Kalyani-1,720 -61- Pune
39 Brijmohan Lall Munjal-1,710 -87 -New Delhi
40 Niranjan Hiranandani-1,700 -60 -Mumbai

41 Nandan Nilekani-1,600 -55- Delhi/Bangalore
42 Shyam and Hari Bhartia-1,550- 57- Delhi
43 Senapathy Gopalakrishnan-1,500 -55- Bangalore
44 Vijay Mallya-1,450 -54 -Bangalore
45 Rama Prasad Goenka-1,410- 80- Kolkata
46 Mangal Prabhat Lodha-1,400- 54- Mumbai
46 Vikas Oberoi-1,400 -40- Mumbai
48 Jaiprakash Gaur-1,350- 79- Delhi
49 K Anji Reddy-1,290- 69 -Hyderabad
50 Keshub Mahindra-1,280 87 Mumbai

51 Anu Aga-1,240 -68- Pune
52 Naresh Goyal-1,200 -61- Mumbai/London
53 Anand Jain-1,190 -53 -Mumbai
54 Vinod Goenka-1,180 -51- Mumbai
55 Virendra Mhaiskar-1,170 -39- Mumbai
56 Brij Bhushan Singal-1,160 -73 -Delhi
57 Rakesh Jhunjhunwala-1,150- 50- Mumbai
58 Murugappa Family-1,140 -NA -Chennai
59 B G Raghupathy-1,130 -57 -Chennai
60 Murali Divi-1,120 -59 -Hyderabad

61 Harsh Mariwala-1,110- 59- Mumbai
62 Balvant Parekh-1,100 -86- Mumbai
63 K Dinesh-1,090 -56 -Bangalore
64 G. V. Krishna Reddy-1,080- 73- Hyderabad
65 Bhupendra Kumar Modi-1,070 -61- Singapore
66 Shahid Balwa-1,060 -36 -Mumbai
67 Mofatraj Munot-1,050 -66- Mumbai
68 Ashwin Dani-1,030- 68- Mumbai
69 Tulsi Tanti-1,000 -52- Pune
70 Benu Gopal Bangur-980 -79 -Kolkata

71 S.D. Shibulal-925 -55- Bangalore
72 Kishore Biyani-912 -49- Mumbai
73 Ashwin Choksi-910 -67- Mumbai
74 Manoj Tirodkar-905 -46 -Mumbai
75 Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw-900- 57- Bangalore
76 Shobhana Bhartia-895- 53- Delhi
77 Rakesh Wadhawan-875- 58- Mumbai
78 Abhay Vakil-870- 60 -Mumbai
79 Hemendra Kothari-860 -64- Mumbai
80 Ramesh Agarwal-795 -65 -Bhopal

81 Gracias Saldanha790 -72- Mumbai
82 Analjit Singh-735- 56 -Delhi
83 Prathap Reddy-685 -78- Chennai
84 Balkrishan Goenka-660 -44- Mumbai
85 Shishir Bajaj-655- 62- Mumbai
86 Kapil and Dheeraj Wadhawan-650 -37 -Mumbai
87 Jignesh Sha-610 43 Mumbai
88 Prithvi Raj -Singh Oberoi-605- 81 -Delhi
89 Bhavarlal Jain-603 -72 -Jalgaon
90 Hemant Shah-580 -57- Mumbai


91 Karsanbhai Patel-575 66 -Ahmedabad
92 Qimat Rai Gupta-550 -73- Delhi
93 Kamal Khetan-546 -42 -Mumbai
94 Ashok Sarin-545 -69- Delhi
95 Shantanu Prakash-538 -45- Delhi
96 Atul Ruia-536 -39 -Mumbai
97 P.V.Ramaprasad Reddy-535 -52- Hyderabad
98 Bhadresh Shah-526 -58 -Ahmedabad
99 Bharat and Ravi Sheth-501- 52 -Mumbai
100 Rajju Shroff-500 -76 -Mumbai

  

Video -Waste Water Treatment Plant

Our Solution in your Industry


The world needs paper products. It also needs means for producing paper using sustainable and environmentally safe methods. A thorough knowledge and understanding of industrial processing techniques is critical to ensuring the successful design of water and wastewater treatment plants. Ovivo supplies products and implements processes that have been developed to meet the more stringent requirements of pulp and paper production in today’s world.


Effective water treatment processes help clients to increase productivity, enhance machine life and improve product quality while optimizing water treatment costs. Ovivo supplies entire systems for the production and management of fresh, boiler and process waters as well as for the efficient treatment of wastewaters and effluents. An extensive range of research and technology development equipment is available, as are facilities for laboratory testing, pilot and full-scale trials.


Ovivo’s process design knowledge can reduce operational and maintenance costs across a plant. Using high-specification components and equipment in our products provides increased reliability and will dramatically reduce a plant’s whole-life costs by extending its design life.


Managing environmental risks better
Manufacturing throughput can be increased by using water of consistently high quality, thus increasing profit potential and reducing costs. Ovivo supplies entire systems for the production and management of fresh and process waters as well as for the efficient treatment of wastewaters and effluents. Water is a shared resource and Ovivo truly believes that every small improvement in the way we use it will have a significant impact on the environment. Ovivo’s technological advances and the increasing sophistication of its systems are major elements in the drive to reduce the costs of water and wastewater treatment.
Flow Diagram:

Ovivo Solutions
Raw Water TreatmentAs environmental awareness has increased and regulatory requirements have proliferated, Ovivo has become a leader in the development of equipment and technologies to meet the new demands.

Boiler FeedwaterOur key processes for boiler feedwater production are Conesep™, FlooIX™ Ion Exchanger, FlooRO™ reverse osmosis and different types of filtration. Reverse osmosis is the finest filtration known. FlooRO™ reverse osmosis is used to produce water that meets the high water quality standards demanded by our clients.
Condensate PolishingBoiler feedwater treatment is not adequate when small amounts of impurities can get into the condensate, causing corrosion problems. Polishing of the condensate is required in order to meet the quality needs of the high-pressure thermal cycles, and also to minimize consumption of make-up water. Ovivo’s advanced solution for condensate polishing comprises cartridge, or pre-coat, filtration and a FlooMB™ Mixed Bed Ion Exchanger.
Process Water RecyclingToday’s requirements for decreased water consumption call for improved water management at mills. Ovivo’s solutions born of significant pulp and paper industry experience respond solidly to that challenge.

Flotation SystemsOvivo’s advanced microflotation technology is called FlooDaf™ Microflotation. Its main features are its rectangular shape, automatic dispersion water and basin level control. As a result of this, FlooDaf™ Microflotation can have high hydraulic loading and a small footprint, while still maintaining good separation efficiency

Wastewater TreatmentToday, industrial plants are taking full responsibility for the way their process waters affect production and the environment. Fresh water taken from nature is cleaned, utilized and recycled carefully within the processes and, when returned to nature, that water must meet stringent standards. These targets can be achieved using FlooBed®-based biological treatment solutions.

The Future
Pulp and paper mills face increased demands for higher quality process water due to increasing machine speeds and improved product quality. At the same time, mills are under pressure to decrease water consumption and treat effluent more efficiently to reduce environmental loading to even lower levels. For most mills, a conventional biological effluent treatment is inadequate to reach the tight effluent concentrations increasingly demanded.

Video-Paper Recycling and conserve energy

PRINCIPLE STEPS OF PAPER RECYCLING   

The chemical process of breaking down wood was invented in 1829, and German scientist Friedrich Keller found a method of grinding wood efficiently in 1843. This is where and how making paper from wood pulp, which is essentially paper recycling, began (Russell, 2008). Paper recycling today is a bit more advanced than the techniques used by Keller. Paper recycling is the conversion of wastepaper into high quality recycled paper which creates various paper products. The paper recycling process occurs in numerous paper factories throughout the world. The American Forest and Paper Association has set a goal recover rate (rate which paper is recycled) of fifty five percent by 2012 (Doshi, 2007). Paper recycling prevents pollution and exploitation of natural resources. The principle steps of the process include collection, sorting, pulping, screening and cleaning, de-inking and new paper products, which are outlined below.

SORTING OF COLLECTED MATERIALS
Once the paper arrives at the MRC, the officially unsorted paper must be sorted and rid of any contaminants. Paper must be free from contaminants such as plastic, metal and other trash in order for the paper to be recycled properly. The paper, plastic, and metal are separated through various mechanical belts and magnets (BIR, 2002). Once the paper is separated from contaminants, the clean paper is sorted into seven types including white office paper, colored office paper, glossy paper, newspaper paper, corrugated cardboard, box board and telephone books. After the various types of paper have been sorted each one is bundled and sent to the paper mill for pulping (BIR, 2002).

SCREENING AND CLEANING
Plastic fibers and plastic contaminants are removed through screening. The slot size of screens varies but typically range from .10mm to.60mm. These screens are the equivalent to those placed in household windows. Smaller slot size increases contaminant removal process, as well as fiber loss. It is important to retain some fiber in order to produce paper. To minimize fiber loss, there must be a repetition of the screening process. After screening, hydro-cyclones or “cleaners” further remove contaminants. Cleaners are cone shaped with a straw-like opening at the top (overflow), a bottom (underflow) and a center core tube. Particles of higher density are removed through underflow, while low density particles are located in the core tube. Materials that can be further processed are removed from the space between the core tube and overflow tube (Donube, B. & Roeper, D., 2007).

DE-INKING
Another step in the paper recycling process is called deinking. According to US Patent #6,022,423, "Method for Deinking paper," (Earth 911, 2009), "Method of deinking paper includes applying a deinking solution to the Paper to be deinked; the deinking solution being comprised of a Cleaning solution and a surfactant; abrading the paper to remove the Ink from the paper; and washing the paper to remove the deinking Solution from the paper." Deinking is when the ink is removed from paper. After the recovered paper goes through the pulping process, it is put through a series of washing and/or flotation deinking processes in which water and/or soap-like chemicals called surfactants remove the ink from the paper. After the ink is removed from the paper it can be used to generate energy to run the mill, or sold to make materials such as gravel for roads or compost (Deinking paper, 2009).

CREATING FLAKES
The plastics on the conveyor belt are then propelled into a grinder( Figure 3). In the grinder, PET plastics are cut and chopped to an appropriate size by spinning blades in a rotary drum.

Metal plates with adjustable hole sizes prevent plastic pieces from moving on in the process until they are the correct size. Pieces of plastic cannot fit through the holes of the plate until they are sized appropriately. From here the flakes are cleaned.